Bos & Co Womens Holding Snow Boot Reviews
| Bos | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bos taurus, the domesticated cow | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Society: | Artiodactyla |
| Family: | Bovidae |
| Subfamily: | Bovinae |
| Tribe: | Bovini |
| Genus: | Bos Linnaeus, 1758 |
| Type species | |
| Bos taurus [1] Linnaeus, 1758 | |
| Species | |
| |
Bos (from Latin bōs: cow, ox, bull) is the genus of wild and domestic cattle. Bos is oft divided into four subgenera: Bos, Bibos, Novibos, and Poephagus, but including these last three divisions inside the genus Bos without including Bison in the genus is believed to be paraphyletic past many workers on the classification of the genus since the 1980s. The genus as traditionally defined has v extant species[2] merely this rises to eight when the domesticated varieties are counted equally split up species, and x when the closely related genus Bison is too included.[three] [four] [5] Almost simply not all mod breeds of domesticated cattle are believed to have originated from the extinct aurochs.[6] [7] Many aboriginal breeds are thought to have originated from other species. Zebus and taurine cattle are thought to descend from aboriginal Indian and Middle Eastern aurochs, respectively.
Clarification [edit]
The species are grazers, with large teeth to break up the establish cloth they ingest. They are ruminants, having a four-chambered tum that allows them to break down plant material.[6]
Distribution [edit]
In that location are almost ane.3 billion domestic cattle alive today, making them i of the globe'southward nearly numerous mammals. Members of this genus are currently found in Africa, Asia, eastern and western Europe, parts of North America, S America and also in Oceania. Their habitats vary greatly depending on the item species; they can be constitute in prairies, pelting forests, wetlands, savannah and temperate forests.
Environmental [edit]
Most Bos species have a lifespan of 18–25 years in the wild, with upward to 36 being recorded in captivity. They have a 9–eleven month gestation, depending on the species and nativity one or, rarely, ii immature in the bound.[ commendation needed ]
Most species travel in small herds ranging in size from ten to thirty members. Within most herds, in that location is one bull (male) for all the cows (female). Dominance is important in the herds;[6] calves will usually inherit their mother's position in the bureaucracy.[ citation needed ]
They are generally diurnal, resting in the hot part of the twenty-four hours and beingness active morn and afternoon. In areas where humans take encroached on the territory of a herd, they may plow nocturnal. Some species are also migratory, moving with food and h2o availability.[ commendation needed ]
Taxonomy [edit]
In 2003, the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature resolved a long-continuing dispute about the naming of those species (or pairs of species) of Bos that contain both wild and domesticated forms. The commission "conserved the usage of 17 specific names based on wild species, which are pre-dated by or gimmicky with those based on domestic forms", confirming Bos primigenius for the aurochs and Bos gaurus for the gaur. If domesticated cattle and gayal are considered divide species, they are to be named Bos taurus and Bos frontalis; all the same, if they are considered part of the same species as their wild relatives, the mutual species are to be named Bos primigenius and Bos gaurus.[8]
During the 2010s, analysis of the complex genetics of the bovine lineages determined that the species referred to Bison needed to be relegated to a subgenus of Bos in order to retain monophyly within Bos since both extant species of Bison are phylogenetically embedded inside Bos.[5] The specific relationships in these analyses determined that the ii living bison species were each other's closest living relatives, with their closest relatives amongst Bos being the yaks based on nuclear DNA. The mitochondrial Deoxyribonucleic acid for the wisent was plant to contradict the nuclear Deoxyribonucleic acid result, and was more closely related to those of cattle, while the mitochondrial Deoxyribonucleic acid of the American bison supported the nuclear Dna upshot of a close relationship with yaks. The discrepancy between the mitochondrial DNA of the American bison and wisent is suggested to be probable due to incomplete lineage sorting or genetic introgression into B. bonasus from other Bos species.[5] [9] [x]
Species [edit]
The following species are known:[2] [11]
- Subgenus Bos Linnaeus, 1758
- Bos indicus (zebu)
- Bos taurus (cattle)
- Bos primigenius (aurochs) †
- B. p. primigenius (Eurasian aurochs) †
- B. p. namadicus (Indian aurochs) †
- Bos acutifrons †
- Bos buiaensis †
- Subgenus Bibos Hodgson, 1837
- Bos gaurus (gaur or Indian bison)
- Bos frontalis (gayal)
- Bos javanicus (banteng)
- Bos javanicus domesticus (Bali cattle)
- Bos palaesondaicus †
- Bison Hamilton Smith, 1827 [5] (traditionally treated as a dissever genus)
- Bos bison (American bison)[12]
- Bos bonasus (European bison)[13]
- †B. antiquus
- †B. georgicus [14]
- †B. hanaizumiensis
- †B. sivalensis
- †B. latifrons
- †B. menneri [14]
- †B. occidentalis
- †B. palaeosinensis
- †B. priscus
- †B. schoetensacki
- Subgenus Novibos Coolidge, 1940
- Bos sauveli (kouprey) (maybe extinct)
- Subgenus Poephagus Gray, 1843
- Bos mutus (wild yak)
- Bos grunniens (domestic yak)
Run into besides [edit]
- Bovine genome
- Bull (mythology)
References [edit]
- ^ International Commission on Zoological Classification (1922). "Opinion 75. Xx-Seven Generic Names of Protozoa, Vermes, Pisces, Reptilia and Mammalia Included in the Official List of Zoological Names". Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 73 (i): 35–37.
- ^ a b Grubb, Peter (2005). "Bos". In Wilson, Don Eastward.; Reeder, DeeAnn M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the Globe. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd (online edition) ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Printing. ISBN9780801882210.
- ^ Groves, C. P., 1981. Systematic relationships in the Bovini (Artiodactyla, Bovidae). Zeitschrift für Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung, iv:264-278., quoted in Don Due east. Wilson & DeeAnn Thou. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins Academy Printing: "Bison". (online edition )
- ^ Groves, C. P. & Grubb, P. 2011. Ungulate taxonomy. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.
- ^ a b c d Wang, K., Lenstra, J. A., Liu, Fifty., Hu, Q., Ma, T., Qiu, Q., & Liu, J. (2018). Incomplete lineage sorting rather than hybridization explains the inconsistent phylogeny of the wisent. Communications biology, 1(one), i-9.
- ^ a b c van Vuure, Cis (March 2003). De Oeros – Het spoor terug (Report) (in Dutch). Wageningen: Stichting Kritisch Bosbeheer, Sectie Natuurbeheer van Wageningen Universiteit, Afdeling Natuur van het Ministerie van de Vlaamse Gemeenschap, & Wetenschapswinkel. pp. 1–340. ISBN906754678X. rapport 186. Retrieved four Jan 2020.
- ^ Briggs, H.One thousand. and Briggs, D.M. (1980). Modern Breeds of Livestock. Macmillan Publishing
- ^ International Commission on Zoological Classification (2003). "Stance 2027 (Example 3010). Usage of 17 specific names based on wild species which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia): conserved". The Message of Zoological Nomenclature. 60 (1): 81–84.
- ^ Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.; Ciucani, Marta K.; Ramos-Madrigal, Jazmín; Carmagnini, Alberto; Rasmussen, Jacob Agerbo; Feng, Shaohong; Chen, Guangji; Vieira, Filipe G.; Mattiangeli, Valeria; Ganjoo, Rajinder Thou.; Larson, Greger (2021-11-nineteen). "Kouprey (Bos sauveli) genomes unveil polytomic origin of wild Asian Bos". iScience. 24 (11): 103226. Bibcode:2021iSci...24j3226S. doi:x.1016/j.isci.2021.103226. ISSN 2589-0042. PMC8531564. PMID 34712923.
- ^ Grange, Thierry; Brugal, Jean-Philip; Flori, Laurence; Gautier, Mathieu; Uzunidis, Antigone; Geigl, Eva-Maria (September 2018). "The Evolution and Population Diversity of Bison in Pleistocene and Holocene Eurasia: Sexual activity Matters". Diversity. 10 (iii): 65. doi:10.3390/d10030065.
- ^ Martínez-Navarro, Bienvenido; Narjess, Karoui-Yaakoub; Oms, Oriol; Amri, Lamjed; López-García, Juan Manuel; Zerai, Kamel; Blain, Hugues-Alexandre; Mtimet, Moncef-Saïd; Espigares, María-Patrocinio; Ben Haj Ali, Nebiha; Ros-Montoya, Sergio; Boughdiri, Mabrouk; Agustí, Jordi; Khayati-Amma, Hayet; Maalaoui, Kamel; Om El Khir, Maahmoudi; Sala, Robert; Othmani, Abdelhak; Hawas, Ramla; Gómez-Merino, Gala; Solè, Àlex; Carbonell, Eudald; Palmqvist, Paul (April 2014). "The early on Middle Pleistocene archeopaleontological site of Wadi Sarrat (Tunisia) and the earliest record of Bos primigenius". Quaternary Science Reviews. 90: 37–46. Bibcode:2014QSRv...90...37M. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.02.016. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ^ https://www.mammaldiversity.org/explore.html#species-id=1006256
- ^ https://world wide web.mammaldiversity.org/explore.html#species-id=1006257
- ^ a b Biolib.cz, Genus - Bisons
External links [edit]
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bos. |
- Vasey, George 1862. A monograph of the genus Bos. Scan of a historic work
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bos
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